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Induction coil
How it works
Induction coil showing the construction
An induction coil consists of two rolls insulated copper wire wound around a common iron core. One coil, called the primary coil, is made relatively few (tens or hundreds) of returns thick wire. The other coil, the secondary winding, usually consists of many (thousands) turns of fine wire. An electric current passes through the primary, creating of a magnetic field. Due to the common ground, most of the main magnetic field couples with the secondary coil. Elementary behaves like an inductor, storing energy in the magnetic field associated. When the mainstream is suddenly interrupted, the magnetic field rapidly collapses. This causes a high voltage pulse develops across the secondary terminals through electromagnetic induction. Due to the large number of turns in the secondary winding, the voltage pulse the secondary is typically many thousands of volts. This tension is usually sufficient to cause electric shock or a spark, to jump through a space air separating the secondary output terminals. For this reason, induction coils called spark coils.
The size of the inductors specified normally the length of the spark that could produce, coil one inch "8" induction was one that could produce an arc of 8 inches.
The switching device
Coil to operate continuously, the current supply must be broken several times to create the necessary magnetic field changes for induction. magnetic induction coils using a vibrating arm active call or break a switch to connect quickly and break the flow of current in the coil primary. Small coils switches mounted on the end of the coil next to the iron core. The magnetic field created by the current flowing in the primary draws Switch the iron armature attached to a spring, breaking a pair of contacts in the primary circuit. When the magnetic field, then collapses, the spring closes contacts again and the cycle repeats.
Face potentials are induced in the secondary when the switch "breaks" the circuit "closes" the circuit. However, the change of primary current is much sharper when 'breaks' the switch. When the close contacts, current builds up slowly the primary because the power supply has a limited ability to force the current through the inductance of the coil. By contrast, when the contacts open switch, the current drops to zero soon. So the voltage pulse induced in the secondary in the 'break' is far greater than the pulse led to "close" is the 'break' coil that generates high voltage output. A "shock" of the capacitor is used across the contacts to quench the arc in the 'break', which makes it much faster switching and higher voltages. So the output waveform of an induction coil is a series of alternating positive and negative impulses, but with a much larger polarity than the other.
Mercury switches and electrolyte
The small "hammer" switches described above have been used in the creation of the coils of up to 8 inches (~ 120 kV) sparks. Larger coils used for motor operated switches. The largest of the coils, used in radio transmitters, used 'broken' or turbine electrolytic or mercury.
Construction Details
To prevent the high voltage generated in the coil to break the thin insulation and arcing between the wires of high school, secondary winding, special purpose building to prevent the cables carrying large voltage differences extend side by side. The secondary winding is wound in many thin sections flat pancake-shaped (Called "cakes"), connected in series. The primary coil is first wound on the iron core, and insulated from high school with a thick paper or rubber coating. Then each secondary subcoil is covered with a layer of insulation, such as paraffin, connected to the coil next to it, and slipped on the iron core, isolated adjacent coils of paper discs. The tension developed in each subcoil is not large enough to switch the wires in the subcoil. great stress only develops subcoils through many series, which are also closely spaced along the arc.
To avoid eddy currents that flow perpendicular to the axis magnetic, and cause energy losses, the iron core is made of a bunch of parallel iron wires, individually coated with shellac to insulate electrically.
History
Callan largest induction coil (model 1863), showing secondary construction 'pancake'. It was 42 inches (106 cm) long and could produce 15 inches (38 cm) arcing, which corresponds to a potential of about 200,000 volts.
Michael Faraday discovered the principle of induction, Faraday's law of induction in 1831 and made the first experiments with the induction between the coils of wire. The induction coil was invented by Irish scientist Nicholas Callan in 1836 in the St. Patrick's College, Maynooth and improved by William Sturgeon and Charles Grafton Page. Coils had crank principles switches, Callan invented by Antoine Masson. The automatic transmission "hammer" switch was invented by EC Neeff, Wagner, P., and JW M'Gauley. Hippolyte Fizeau introduced the use of extinction of the capacitor. Heinrich Ruhmkorff generates higher voltages significantly increasing the length of the secondary, in some coils 5 or 6 miles of cable. In the 1850's, after examining a sample Ruhmkorff coil, which produced a small spark of about 2 inches (50 mm) when energized, American inventor Samuel Edward Ritchie believes it could be more efficient and produce a stronger spark for the redesign and improving secondary isolation. Your own design divides the coil into sections, each isolated from each other properly. Ritchie induction coil proved superior to other designs of the day, initially producing a spark of 10 inches (25 cm) long later can produce an electric lock 24-inch (61 cm) or more in length. The full story of the invention page induction coil in its modern version is told in Robert Post, "Physics, Patents, and Politics: A Biography of Charles Grafton Page (Science History Publications, 1976. In 1857, an induction coil Ritchie was exhibited in Dublin Ireland at a conference of the British Association, and later at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Ruhmkorff bought Ritchie an induction coil, using improvements in their own work.
Induction coils are used to provide high voltage for gas discharge early and Crookes tubes and the X-ray research. They were also used for entertainment (lighting Geissler tubes, for example) and to foster small "shocking coils, Tesla coils and violet ray devices used in quackery. They were used by Hertz to demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves, as predicted by James Maxwell and Tesla and Marconi, the first research on radio waves. Its major industrial use was probably in early wireless telegraph transmitters and cathode cold energy X-ray tubes Around 1920 they were replaced in these two applications for vacuum tubes. However, its main use was as the ignition coil or coil spark in the ignition system of internal combustion engines, which are still used, despite the switch contacts are now replaced by state detectors solid. A smaller version is used to turn the tubes with the flash of cameras and strobe lights.
Wireless Charging
heavy duty division of Toyota, Hino Motors, is testing a new type of hybrid electric vehicle with no plug (outboard motor vehicles by hybrid). The battery power comes not from an outlet and a load point, but from a wireless charging system built into the road. A series of power inductors incorporated into the ring road at a certain frequency, like radio waves. The bus is capable of capturing and storing the wave energy from its batteries.
Early patents
U.S. Patent 52 054 Induction coil, instead of furniture made in the magnet
U.S. Patent 72616 This coil composite is formed, as any current induction coil
U.S. Patent 74,905 The inner end of the induction coil are surrounded by the main coil
U.S. Patent 76654 The induction coil consists of a metallic conductor, copper is generally preferred
U.S. Patent 78,495 Energizing the main cable induction coil, the iron core becomes magnetized
U.S. Patent 90,626 Using an induction coil
U.S. Patent 734,197 divided improved Coil (1903).
U.S. Patent 1,092,417 induction coil comprising a soft iron core (05 March 1913)
See also
Station load
Ignition coil
Spark gap transmitter
Transformer
Tesla coil
Electromagnetism
the Faraday law of induction
Ignition System
Inductor
Magnetic field
Footnotes
^ Collins, Archie F. (1908). The design and construction of induction coils. New York: Munn & Co.. http://books.google.com/books?id=dJNPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA98. p.98
^ Faraday, Michael (1834). "Experimental investigations on electricity, the 7 Series. "Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London) 124: 77122. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1834.0008.
^ Fleming, John Ambrose (1896). The current transformer AC Theory and Practice, Vol.2. Publishing Co. The Electrician. http://books.google.com/books?id=17sKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA16. p.16-18
^ Http: / / www.nuim.ie / museum / ncallan.html
^ Severns, Rudy. History of soft switching, Part 2. " Design Resource Center. Switching Power magazine. http://www.switchingpowermagazine.com/downloads/Oct 01 soft.pdf. Retrieved on 16/05/2008.
^ American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. XXIII, 05 May 1895 1896, Boston University Press, John Wilson and Son (1896), pp 359-360
^ Page, Charles G., History of the induction: U.S. demand for the induction coil electrostatic and development, Boston: Harvard University, the printing house Intelligencer (1867), pp 104-106
^ Rogers, the World Bank (Professor) Brief Summary of the construction and the effects of a powerful induction apparatus, devised by Mr. ES Ritchie of Boston, United States, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Annual Meeting Report (1858), p. 15
^ American Academy, pp 359-360
^ American Academy, pp 359-360
^ Page, pp 104-106
^ Http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/1431/
Read more
Norrie, SA, "Induction Coils: How to make, use and repair them. "Norman H. Schneider, 1907, New York. 4 th edition.
Collins, Archie F. (1908). The design and construction of induction coils. New York: Munn & Co.. http://books.google.com/books?id=dJNPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA98.
Fleming, John Ambrose (1896). The AC power adapter in Theory and Practice Vol.2. Publishing Co. The Electrician. http://books.google.com/books?id=17sKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA16. Detailed history is the invention of the induction coil
External Links
The battery power controller circuit for induction coils
Cathode ray tube site
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